Abbreviations

Standard abbreviations should be used all through the manuscript. The use of non-standard abbreviations should be kept to a minimum and must be well-defined in the text following their first use.

Units of Measurement

Units of measurement should be presented simply and concisely using System International (SI) units.

Title and Authorship Information

• The title phrase should be brief.
• List authors’ full names (first-name, middle-name, and last-name).
• Affiliations of authors (department and institution).
• Emails and phone numbers.

Abstract

The abstract is a concise abbreviated version of the paper which tells the reader whether the paper is worth reading at all. It should be self-contained and citation-free. The abstract should be 100 to 150 words in length. The keywords should be less than 10.

Introduction

The statement of the problem should be stated in the introduction in a clear and concise manner, with no subheadings.

Materials and Methods

This part should contain sufficient details so that all procedures can be repeated. It can be divided into subsections if several methods are described.

Results and Discussion

Results and discussion maybe combined into a single section. Results and discussion may also be presented separately if necessary.

Conclusions

This should clearly explain the main conclusions of the work highlighting its importance and relevance.

Acknowledgments

All acknowledgments (if any) should be included at the very end of the paper before the references and may include supporting grants, presentations, and so forth.

References

References should be listed in alphabetical order at the end of the paper. DOIs links to referenced articles should be stated wherever available. Names of journals should be presented in full and not abbreviated. All references must be numbered consecutively and citations of references in text should be identified using numbers in square brackets (e.g., “as discussed by Smith [9]”; “as discussed elsewhere [9,10]”). All references should be cited within the text; otherwise, these references will be automatically removed.

Figures

Upon submission of an article, authors are supposed to include all figures in the PDF file of the manuscript. Figures and tables should not be submitted in separate files. If the article is accepted, authors will be asked to provide the source files of the figures. Each figure should be supplied in a separate electronic file. All figures should be cited in the paper in a consecutive order. Figures should be supplied in either vector art formats (Illustrator, EPS, WMF, FreeHand, CorelDraw, PowerPoint, Excel, etc.) or bitmap formats (Photoshop, TIFF, GIF, JPEG, etc.). Bitmap images should be of 300 dpi resolution at least unless the resolution is intentionally set to a lower level for scientific reasons. If a bitmap image has labels, the image and labels should be embedded in separate layers.

Tables

• Tables should be kept to a minimum.
• Tables should have a short descriptive title.
• The unit of measurement used in a table should be stated.
• Tables should be numbered consecutively.
• Tables should be appropriately cited in the manuscript.

Copyright

Open Access authors retain the copyrights of their papers, and all open access articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited. For more information on copyright of articles, see our publisher’s copyright and license policy.